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大肠杆菌的表型大全

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F- = Does not carry the F plasmid

F+ = Carries the F plasmid. The cell is able to mate with F- through conjugation.

F'[ ] = Carries an F plasmid that has host chromosomal genes on it from a previous recombination event. This cell can also mate with F- through conjugation. Chromosomal genes carried in the F plasmid are listed in brackets.

rB/K+/- = The (B/K) defines the strain lineage. The +/- indicates whether the strain has or hasn't got the restriction system.

mB/K+/- = The (B/K) defines the strain lineage. The +/- indicates whether the strain has or hasn't got the modification (methylation) system.

hsdS = Both restriction and methylation of certain sequences is deleted from the strain. If you transform DNA from such a strain into a wild type strain, it will be degraded.

hsdR = For efficient transformation of cloned unmethylated DNA from PCR amplifications

INV( ) = chromosomal inversion between locations indicated

ahpC = mutation to alkyl hydroperoxide reductase conferring disulfide reductase activity

ara-14 = cannot metabolize arabinose

araD = mutation in L-ribulose-phosphate 4-epimerase blocks arabinose metabolism

cycA = mutation in alanine transporter; cannot use alanine as a carbon source

dapD = mutation in succinyl diaminopimelate aminotransferase leads to succinate or (lysine + methionine) requirement

Δ( ) = chromosomal deletion of genes between the listed genes (may include unlisted genes!)

dam = adenine methylation at GATC sequences abolished; high recombination efficiency; DNA repair turned on

dcm = cytosine methylation at second C of CCWGG sites abolished

deoR = regulatory gene that allows constitutive expression of deoxyribose synthesis genes; permits uptake of large plasmids. See Hanahan D, US Patent 4,851,348. ***This has been called into question, as the DH10B genome sequence revealed that it is deoR+. See Durfee08, PMID 18245285.

dnaJ = one of the chaparonins inactivated; stabilizes some mutant proteins

dut1 = dUTPase activity abolished, leading to increased dUTP concentrations, allowing uracil instead of thymine incorporation in DNA. Stable U incorporation requires ung gene mutation as well.

endA1 = For cleaner preparations of DNA and better results in downstream applications due to the elimination of non-specific digestion by Endonuclease I

(e14) = excisable prophage like element containing mcrA gene; present in K-12 but missing in many other strains

galE = mutations are associated with high competence, increased resistance to phage P1 infection, and 2-deoxygalactose resistance. galE mutations block the production of UDP-galactose, resulting in truncation of LPS glycans to the minimal, "inner core". The exceptional competence of DH10B/TOP10 is thought to be a result of a reduced interference from LPS in the binding and/or uptake of transforming DNA. galE15 is a point mutation resulting in a Ser123 -> Phe conversion near the enzyme's active site. See van Die, et al. PMID 6373734, Hanahan, et al. PMID 1943786, and EcoSal ISBN 1555811647. --Dcekiert 16:56, 23 January 2008 (CST)

galk = mutants cannot metabolize galactose and are resistant to 2-deoxygalactose. galK16 is an IS2 insertion ~170bp downstream of the galK start codon. See EcoSal ISBN 1555811647. --Dcekiert 16:56, 23 January 2008 (CST)

galU = mutants cannot metabolize galactose

gor = mutation in glutathione reductase; enhances disulphide bond formation

glnV = suppression of amber (UAG) stop codons by insertion of glutamine; required for some phage growth

gyrA96 = mutation in DNA gyrase; conveys nalidixic acid resistance

gyrA462 = mutation in DNA gyrase; conveys resistance to ccdB colicin gene product

hflA150 = protease mutation stabilizing phage cII protein; high frequency of lysogenization by λ

Δ(lac)X74 = Deletion of the entire lac operon as well as some flanking DNA.

lacIq or lacIQ = overproduction of the lac repressor protein; -35 site in promoter upstream of lacI is mutated from GCGCAA to GTGCAA

lacIQ1 = overproduction of the lac repressor protein; contains a 15 bp deletion to create optimal -35 site in promoter upstream of lacI

lacY = deficient in lactose transport; deletion of lactose permease (M protein)

lacZΔM15 = partial deletion of the lacZ gene that allows α complementation of the β-galactosidase gene; required for blue/white selection on XGal plates. Deletes the amino portion of lacZ (aa 11-41).

leuB = requires leucine

Δlon = deletion of the lon protease

malA = cannot metabolize maltose

mcrA = Mutation eliminating restriction of DNA methylated at the sequence CmCGG (possibly mCG). Carried on the e14 prophage (q.v.)

mcrB = Mutation eliminating restriction of DNA methylated at the sequence RmC

metB = requires methionine

metC = requires methionine

mrr = Mutation eliminating restriction of DNA methylated at the sequence CmAG or GmAC

mtlA = cannot metabilize mannitol

(Mu) = Mu prophage present. Muδ means the phage is defective.

mutS - mutation inhibits DNA repair of mismatches in unmethylated newly synthesized strands

nupG = same as deoR

ompT = mutation in outer membrane protein protease VII, reducing proteolysis of expressed proteins

(P1) = Cell carries a P1 prophage. Cells express the P1 restriction system.

(P2) = Cell carries a P2 prophage. Allows selection against Red+ Gam+ λ

(φ80) = Cell carries the lambdoid prophage φ80. A defective version of this phage carrying lacZM15 deletion (as well as wild-type lacI, lacYA, and flanking sequences) is present in some strains. The φ80 attachment site is just adjacent to tonB.

pLysS = contains pLysS plasmid carrying chloramphenicol resistance and phage T7 lysozyme, effective at attenuating activity of T7 RNA polymerase, for better inhibition of expression under non-induced conditions. The sequence can be found here.

proA/B = requires proline

recA1 = For reduced occurrence of unwanted recombination in cloned DNA; cells UV sensitive, deficient in DNA repair

recA13 = as for recA1, but inserts less stable.

recBCD = Exonuclease V; mutation in RecB or RecC reduces general recombination by a factor of 100; impaired DNA repair; UV sensitive, easier propagation of inverted repeats

recJ Exonuclease involved in alternate recombination

relA = relaxed phenotype; permits RNA synthesis in absence of protein synthesis

rha = blocked rhamose metabolism

rnc = encodes RnaseIII (rnc-14 is a common null mutant)

rne = encodes RnaseE (rne-3071 is a common temperature sensitive mutant)

rpsL = mutation in ribosomal protein S12 conveying streptomycin resistance; also called strA

sbcBC = ExoI activity abolished; usually present in recBC strains; recombination proficient, stable inverted repeats

sr1 = cannot metabolize sorbitol

supE = glnV

supF = tyrT

thi = requires thiamine

thyA = requires thymidine

Tn10 = transposon normally carrying Tetracycline resistance

Tn5 = transposon normally carrying Kanamycin resistance

tonA = Mutation in outer membrane protein conveying resistance to phage T1 and phage T5

traD = Mutation eliminating transfer factor; prevents transfer of F plasmid

trxB = mutation in thioredoxin reductase; enhances disulphide bond formation in the cytoplasm

tsx = outer membrane protein mutation conveying resistance to phage T6 and colicin K

tryT = suppression of amber (UAG) stop codons by insertion of tyrosine; needed for some phage infection such as λgt11.

ung1 = allows uracil to exist in plasmid DNA

xyl-5 = blocked xylose metabolism

SmR = Streptomycin resistance